Mains- Group 1- Geography
Paper-2: History, Culture and Geography 1. Effect of El-Nino and La-Nino, Rainfall variability El Niño and La Niña, together known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are major climate patterns that significantly impact rainfall variability around the world. Here's a breakdown of their effects: El Niño: Warmer waters: During El Niño events, the surface waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean become abnormally warm. Disrupted trade winds: These warm waters weaken or even reverse the normal trade winds that blow from east to west across the Pacific. Reduced rainfall: This disruption in wind patterns affects global atmospheric circulation, leading to suppressed rainfall in many regions that typically receive moisture from the Pacific Ocean. Impact on Rainfall: Droughts: El Niño is often linked to droughts in several areas, including parts of Southeast Asia, Australia, and Africa. India: El Niño events are associated with below-average rainfall du...